![]() Navigator 1.0 also introduced cookies, but Netscape did not publicize this feature. SSL became the standard method to encrypt web traffic. They also released the Netsite Commerce web server which could handle SSL requests thus enabling e-commerce on the Web. In 1994, Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen, the lead developer on Mosaic, founded Netscape and released Navigator, a browser that soon became the dominant web client. In response, CERN put their code into the public domain which spurred the development of various browsers. However, in 1993, the University of Minnesota declared that Gopher was proprietary and would have to be licensed. The consensus was that this would be the primary way that folks would interact with the Internet. In less than a year, there were hundreds of Gopher servers. In 1991, the University of Minnesota released a document browsing system for the Internet called Gopher. In two years, there were only 50 websites in the world. While the Web was successful at CERN, it struggled to gain acceptance elsewhere. Nicola Pellow wrote the Line Mode Browser which could work with a CLI. WorldWideWeb only ran on NeXTSTEP, however. He designed a protocol ( HTTP) and a markup language ( HTML) and developed a browser ( WorldWideWeb), a web server ( CERN httpd), and a website ( ). In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee developed a system for managing documentation at CERN utilizing the Internet and hypertext. ![]()
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